The Uluguru Mountains are a mountain range in eastern Tanzania named after the Uluguru tribe that resides around the forestry boundary of the mountain range. The mountain range is a habitat to more than 100 unique animal and plant species that are rarely found elsewhere around the world. Amongst those are the world’s famous and rarely found pot-plants the African Violets, Impatiens and Begonias. The local people of the Ulugurus are the Waluguru tribe people. They have been living in the mountains for several hundred years, coming from other areas of Tanzania. Their land ownership is through the female line and women are powerful in village life, in contrast to other tribes in Tanzania where men own the land and make most of the decisions about its use and management. The forests of the mountains provide the water catchment areas for the streams and rivers. This water flows mainly from the forest-capped peaks of the Ulugurus into streams joining to form the Ruvu River, which provides the water supply to the city of Dar es Salaam. Most of the neighboring population, around 3 million people, and the major industries in Tanzania rely on this water supply for their continued survival. The loss of the Uluguru forests and any reduction in the water supply potential of the mountains could therefore have a drastic impact on the human well-being and industrial capacity of Tanzania.